FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Foot and mouth disease(FMD) is an acute contagious disease which can quickly spread out to other provinces and result in serious losses for stock persons.

Susceptible Animals
a. Cloven hoofed animals such as buffalo,cow,goat,sheep,pig,wild pig,wild buffalo, wild cow and deer are susceptible to FMD virus.
Note: Horses and avians are not infected by the virus.
b. Infection on young animals is more severe and can lead to death.
c. In natural habitat, FMD virus can be cross infected between animals.
d. FMD virus can be transmitted to human but rare.

Transmission
a. Virus can be found in saliva, faeces,urine,semen,milk,vesicles discharge from infected animals or in the air.
b. Virus can be transmitted via digestive or respiratory routes by feeding, drinking or inhalation (via nasal mucosa)
c. Direct and indirect contact between infected animals and healthy animals, transporting vehicles, waste materials, slaughter house, stock persons.
d. Pigs can shed virus into environment for 1-2months. Cattle 3-6months after recovery thus free range cattle are at more risk.

Clinical signs
1. Fever(>40°c),anorexia or loss of appetite, depression, regular recumbency, lameness. Affected pigs may refer to lie down and when forced to rise,the animal might walk gingerly and occasionally shake leg as it's painful.
2. Profuse, frothy saliva around the mouth.
3. Vesicles may appear inside the mucous membrane of mouth, on the tongue, cheeks,gums,lips,nose,palate,and color varies from red to yellow or gray.
4. Ulcerated vesicles are also form between the claws of the feet and along the coronary band which cause dry separation of the heels making the animal reluctant to walk.
5. It also causes abortion.

Treatment
No specific treatment for FMD. vesicles and erosions in mouth, tongue, legs and teat must be treated to prevent secondary infection in the loose of hooves enhances the ability to recover. Treatment should be applied locally and then generally..

Localized treatment: Rinse the ulcerated vesicles found on mouth, tongue, leg,hoof,teat with one of the following solutions; normal saline, acid citric 1% or potassium permanganate 1%,alum2%. Use juice of sour fruits like star fruit, lemon for washing ulceration in mouth, tongue twice a day). For buffalo and cattle, after cleaning the wound in teats and limb with normal saline and drying, apply antiseptic then ointment over the wound. Bandage all legs for the prevention of flies..

For generalized treatment, use L.A.
Make sure the pen is kept clean.

Always call on your vet or experienced Animal health professional for health assistance.

Comments

POULTRY HEALTH MANAGEMENT

Active healthy birds Sick broiler bird Sick pullet Effective health management is an important aspect of poultry production. The best fed and housed stock with the best genetic potential will not grow and produce efficiently if they become diseased or infested with parasites. . Infectious disease causing organisms will spread very quickly through a flock because of the usual high stocking densities of commercially housed poultry. effective poultry health management primarily aims at: 1. Preventing the onset of disease or parasites. 2. Recognising at an early stage the presence of disease or parasites, and 3.Treating all flocks that are diseased or infested with parasites as soon as possible and before they develop into a serious condition or spread to other flocks. To be able to do this it is imperative to know how to identify that; i.The birds are diseased, ii. The action required for preventing or minimising disease and iii. How to monitor for signs

LAYER MANAGEMENT AND EGG PRODUCTION: POULTRY

Laying birds in deep litter Layers in battery cage Laying birds in nest box The basis of good egg production is a successful rearing phase, at the end of which the hen should have reached her standard body weight, with a well-developed frame and corresponding appetite or feed intake capacity The following points should be considered in layer layer nanagement ; Proper cleaning and disinfection of layer house. Provide proper floor space, feeding space and watering space both in deep-litter and cage system In deep-litter system, floor space of 2 sq.ft. per bird and feeding space of 5” per bird are provided In cage system 4 birds/box of 18” x 15” cage floor space is provided (0.46 sq. ft per bird) 6 feet linear feeder can be used for every 30 layers or 18” diameter circular feeder of 4-5 no for every 100 birds. Provide 18” diameter plastic waterer of 2 numbers for every 100 birds. Spread litter material, in case of deep-litter system up to 6” thickness. Grill

PROCESSING AND MARKETING OF SNAIL MEAT

Processed Snail meat Matured snails Processed snails Snail has become a highly valued delicacy in recent times. It is also known and referred to as “ Congo meat” in Nigeria. Snails constitute an important source of animal protein for many coastal communities in Nigeria. Snail meat consumption as we all know has become a lifestyle for some people especially those eating it on medical grounds. Snails are very useful in pharmaceuticals, for the production of certain drugs, because of their therapeutic properties. It has low fat and cholesterol and is the meat recommended for special medical patients. The emergence of snail meat joints in almost every neighborhood where snail meat delicacies are prepared is a clear indication that snail meat consumption is gaining a wide acceptance. procedure of Processing Snail meat for export must be processed with great care so as to increase its marketability. Below are the procedures that must be followed for processing sn

AGROWORLD

Search This Blog